ECOA applies to the extension of credit for:

The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) is designed to prevent discrimination in lending practices and applies broadly to various types of credit. The correct interpretation of ECOA's reach encompasses not only loans secured by residential property but also extends to business, commercial, and agricultural loans.

The significance of this is that ECOA ensures fair lending practices across all these categories, promoting equality in access to credit regardless of the borrower's background or purpose for the loan. This comprehensive approach demonstrates the law's commitment to preventing discriminatory practices in all aspects of credit extension, not just those tied to residential property.

In contrast, options that narrow the scope to just residential loans or exclude certain types of credit do not accurately reflect the law's intent or coverage. Thus, the correct answer captures the full spectrum of credit types to which ECOA applies, emphasizing its inclusive policy aimed at fostering fairness across the lending landscape.